Geothermal Minerals

Geothermal Minerals

and the use of mineralogy in determining the origins of the mineralisation

Deep Sea Vent Locations
Mineral Deposits and Chemistry Related to Deep Sea Vents
Black Smokers
Equipment Need for Deep Sea Exploration
Deep Sea VMS Volcaongenic Massive Sulphide Deposits Cu - Pb - Zn
Unique Life around a black smoker
Deep Sea Mining Process
Kuroko Style "Black Smoker"  Pb-Zn-Ag  Deposits
Geothermal and Hydrothermal Systems
Epithermal "Hot Springs" Gold Deposits
Use of Clay Mineralogy to Separate Hydrothermal and Epithermal Deposit Types
see also Mineral Deposits...

black smoker  lead /  zinc / silver ore in polished specimen

Deep Sea Vent Locations

Mineral Deposits and Chemistry Related to Deep Sea Vents:

Black Smokers

-vents of very hot mineralised water formed in mid ocean tension fracture zones
 


Formation of Black Smokers

Equipment need for deep sea exploration

Deep Sea VMS Volcanogenic Massive Sulphide Deposits Cu - Pb - Zn

Sampling Deep Sea Black Smoker

Unique Life around a black smoker

Example of life independent of the energy from the light of the sun
Riftia tube worms shown could be thousands of years old - no one really knows?

Deep Sea Mining Process

Kuroko Style "Black Smoker" lead-zinc-silver deposits

Geothermal and Hydrothermal Systems

Epithermal "Hot Springs" Gold Deposits

Use of Clay Mineralogy to Separate Hydrothermal and Epithermal Deposit Types

Use of "Clay" mineralogy to distinguish origin of deposit as hydrothermal , Kuroko or epithermal
Where for example..
 higher temperature Hydrothermal deposits weather towards the clay mineral smectite
and
lower temperature Epithermal deposits weather towards the clay mineral kaolinite



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