minerals and energy
Go to Rocks and Minerals
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Go to Mineral Deposits
Including material
based on the
BC and Yukon
Chamber of Mines excellent
Prospecting School on the Web
Rocks and Minerals
The Rocks
The
Rock Cycle1
the
rock cycle2
Rock
Basics
- Primary School
Percent
Crustal Abundance of the common elements
Atomic
Structure
of Salt ( sodium chloride)
The
Silicon
tetrahedron - building block of igneous minerals
Atomic
Structure of some Common Minerals
mineral
grain
shape classification diagram
Common
Rock Textures
- Definition of a Mineral
- Atoms
- Structure of Atoms
- Crystal Structure
- Ionic Substitution (Solid Solution)
- Composition of Minerals
- Properties of Minerals
Light
Transparency
Reflection
of Light
Refraction
Total
Internal Reflection
Dispersion
Plane
Polarized Light
Minerals
Crystal
Symmetry
Crystal
Systems
List
of
Major Gemstones by Crystal System
Optical
Effects in Gemstones
Lustres
Sheen
Interference
of Light
Iridescence
Play
of Colour
Diffraction
Opalescence
Chatoyancy
Asterism
Spectroscope
How
to Identify Minerals by
their Physical Properties
Identification
Tables of
Common Metallic and Non-metallic Minerals
Identification
Flowchart of Common Minerals (300k .jpg file)
Global
Mineral Codes
Quick Reference
A
Photographic Atlas of Rock
Breakdown Features in Geomorphic Environments
Mary C. Bourke1, 2 and Heather A Viles2 (Eds.) (15Mb! PDF file)
- Kinds of Igneous Rock
- Types of Magma
- Eruption of Magma
- Origin of Magma
- Origin of Basaltic Magma
- Origin of Granitic Magma
- Origin of Andesitic Magma
- Magmatic Differentiation
- Bowen's Reaction Series
- Volcanoes and Volcanic Rocks
- Plutons
Igneous Rock Classification
Diagrams:
Where
intrusive
igneous rocks form
Classification
of igneous rocks
General
classification of igneous rocks
Plutonic
rocks
Ultramafic
rocks
Phaneritic
feldspathic rocks
Volcanic
rocks
Pyroclastic
rocks
Basalts
- Definition of Metamorphism
- Grade of Metamorphism
- Retrograde Metamorphism
- Factors that Control Metamorphism
- Responses of Rock to Increasing Metamorphic Grade
- Metamorphism of Basalts and Gabbros
- Metamorphism of Limestone and Sandstone
- Types of Metamorphism
- Metamorphic Facies
- Metamorphism and Plate Tectonics
Pressure -temperature
diagram showing metamorphic rock types
Foliated
texture in metamorphic rocks
The
importance
of inclusions in rocks
- Introduction to Sedimentary rocks
- Clastic Sediments
- Textures of Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
- Chemical Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Biogenic Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks
- Features of Sedimentary Rocks That Give Clues to the Environment of Deposition
- Stratification and Bedding
- Sedimentary Facies
- Common Sedimentary Environments
Fundamental
concept - superposition
Sorting
in sedimentary
rocks
Types
of sedimentary
bedding
Clastic Sediments
Clastic
depositional environments
Makeup
of clastic
sediments
Size
chart
of clastic sediments
Shape of sedimentary clasts
Roundness
and Sphericity
Names
of shapes
Change
in
mineral composition of sediments as they travel downstream (chart)
Pore
space
in sedimentary rocks
Grain
vs. Matrix
supported sediments
Siliceous sediments:
Arenites/Wackes/Mudstones
- general
Arenites
and Wackes - detail
Animations
of the formation of fundamental rock types
Igneous
rock formation animation(225Kb)
Sedimentary
rock formation animation(201Kb)
Metamorphic
rock formation animation(347Kb)
A
great Mineralogy link at the University of Wuerzburg
(external
link)
Rock
Photos Fundamental rock types
Conglomerate
Gneiss
Granite
Gypsum
Limestone
Obsidian
Pumice
Sandstone
Schist
Scoria
Shale
- Stress and Strain
- Stages of Deformation
- Brittle-Ductile Properties of the Lithosphere
- Deformation in Progress
- Evidence of Former Deformation
- Fracture of Brittle Rocks
- Normal Faults
- Horsts and Gabens
- Half-Grabens
- Reverse Faults
- Thrust Fault
- Strike Slip Faults
- Transform-Faults
- Evidence of Movement on Faults
- Folding of Ductile Rocks
- Monoclines
- Anticline
- Synclines
- Geometry of Folds
- Classification of Folds
- The Relationship Between Folding and Faulting
- Folds and Topography
Energy
Oil
and Gas Exploration in the Marine Environment
Offshore
Oil Drilling
Refining
of Petroleum
Oceans
& Oil Spills
Fuels
Petroleum
and Natural gas - the basics
Dome
Trap
Dome
type - air photo
Fault
trap
Unconformity
trap
Sand
lense in shale
Salt
Dome
Coal
Mining
Coal
Formation
Geothermal
Related Deposits
Geothermal
Energy - ten graphics
Solar
Energy and Photovoltaics
Geology
of Uranium Deposits
Insitu
Leach Uranium Deposits
Hydroelectric
Power
Fuelcells
Wave
Power
Wind
Biofuels
Careers
Geologist
(Earth Scientist)comprehensive
or by individual aspects as listed below:
- Earth Science and Geology
- A modern industrial society
- Fun things Geologists do
- Serious things Geologists do
- Environmental Hazards
- The Geosciences and Societal Problems
- Hydrogeologists
- Environmental geology
- Soil Sciences
- Petroleum Geologists
- Economic Geology
- Reasons why you should choose Geology (Earth Sciences)
- Career Opportunities and Profesional Recognition
- Further education and requirements
Mineral Deposits
Classification of Mineral DepositsMineral Sand Deposits
Salt Deposits courtesy of http://www.saltinstitute.org
Olympic Dam Type Deposits
Tin Deposits
Uranium Deposits
Insitu Leach Uranium Deposits
Evaluating Mineral Deposits
Brief Glossary of Common Ore Deposit Terms
Gold Placer Deposits and the Palmer River Goldfield
Gemstone Deposits
Diamond Deposits
Oil Deposits
Acid Mine Drainage
Ancient Mining Techniques
The following Deposit Types are based, with thanks, on material from
BC and Yukon Chamber of Mines Prospecting School on the Web
For 80 years the BC and Yukon Chamber of Mines has been holding
an annual Prospecting course to help hobbyists make the most of their time in the bush
Introduction
to Prospecting and Exploring for Mineral Deposits
Adapted from a talk by Dr. Gerry Carlson,
President La Teko Resources Ltd
The Prospecting School on the Web
Magmatic
Base Metal Deposits
Abridged and adapted to HTML
from notes from
The Prospecting School on the Web
By Luca Riccio for the B.C. & Yukon
Chamber of Mines
John McDonald is an executive officer
at Winspear Resources Ltd
Volcanogenic
Massive Sulphide Deposits
adapted into HTML from notes from
The Prospecting School on the Web
by Dave Watkins, Falconbridge Copper
Corp
and Bruce Downing, Geological Consultant
Ni-Cu-Co
Type Magmatic Massive Sulphides
Adapted to HTML from the magazine Newfoundland
Mining
for The Prospecting School on the Web
Epithermal
Vein-Type Gold Deposits
adapted into HTML from notes from
The Prospecting School on the Web
modified from notes by Christine
Norcross
Prospecting
Guidelines for Chromium, Nickel and Platinum
Abridged and adapted to HTML
from notes from
The Prospecting School on the Web
By Luca Riccio for the B.C. & Yukon
Chamber of Mines
Porphyry
Copper Deposits
Bill McMillan Manager, Mapping
and Resource Evaluation Section (retired)
Geological Survey Branch PO Box 9320
Stn Prov Govt Victoria, B.C. V8W 9N3
Skarn
Deposits
Adapted to HTML from notes of Larry
Meinert (email: meinert@wsu.edu)
and Dr. Kenneth Dawson, Ph.D., P.Geo
(emaildawson@northvan.net )
Tera Geological Consultants from
The Prospecting School on the Web
Vein
Type Deposits
adapted into HTML from notes from
The Prospecting School on the Web
Tom Schroeter, Senior Regional Geologist,
Geological
Survey Branch, B.C.Ministry of Energy
& Mines